柏拉圖中期的相論-相之基礎

相之基礎

1.Logos and Eidos/Idea

1.1
Logos posits eide/idea. (E.g., the good itself, the beautiful itself, the just itself, the brave itself, the equal itself, the great itself, the small itself, the straight itself, the round itself.)
[理論]投設[形相],[觀相]。
(筆者註:邏各斯/道,設有[相]- eide/idea)

2. Eidos/Idea, Being vs. Appearance/Becoming, One vs. Many

2.11
Each eidos is (being). Each eidos is one. Each eidos is itself.
Each eidos is in the sense that it is one. Each eidos is one in the sense that it is itself. (E.g., the good itself is and only is good.)
相[是]。相是，在於相是[一]。相是一，在於相是[自身]。
(筆者註:[相]就是[是-Being];又是[一];而[相]之所以[一],因為[相]自己本身。)

2.12
Each so-called being appears (as appearance). Each so-called being appears as many. Each so-called being appears as itself and not-itself.
Each so-called being appears in the way that it appears as many. Each so- called being appears as many in the sense that it appears as itself and not- itself. (E.g., each many good appears as both good and not-good.) Each many cannot be said to be being, non-being, both, or neither. (E.g., each many good cannot be said to be good, not-good, both good and not-good, or neither good nor not-good.)
[所謂是]者顯現。所謂是者顯現，在於其顯現為多。所謂是者顯現為多，在於其顯現為自身與非自身。任一多者不能謂之是、弗是、既是亦弗是、既弗是亦弗弗是。
[Two kinds of “being”, one of them is, one of them appears.]

(筆者註:[相]之外的,就是[所謂是-so called being]。
[所謂是-so called being]顯現為[多-many];
而[所謂是-so called being]之所以顯現為[多],因為[所謂是-so called being]顯現為[自己本身]或[非自己本身]。)

2.2
Each eidos appears. Each appears as one. Each appears as itself.
Each eidos appears in the way that it appears as one. Each eidos appears as one in the sense that it appears as itself. (E.g., the good itself appears as and only as good.)
任一形相顯現。任一形相顯現，在於其顯現為一。任一形相顯現為一，在於其顯現為自身。
[Two kinds of “being”, two kinds of appearing.]

(筆者註:[相],顯現為[一 One];而[相]之所以顯現為[一],因為[相]所顯現為[自己本身]。)

**兩種"being",有兩種方式顯現:
[相]-->[一]
[所謂是]-->[多]

2.3
Each eidos appears as itself in and through the many. (E.g., the good itself appears as good in and through the many good.)
Each eidos also appears as many in partnership with actions and bodies, and with one another. (E.g., the good itself appears as the many good.)
於及藉多，任一形相顯現為自身。
與行動軀體以及其他形相聯結，任一形相顯現為多。
[One kind of “being”, two kinds of appearing.]

(筆者註:[相],藉以行動,身體和其他[相]顯現聯繫,又會顯現為[多-many]。)

**一種"being",可有兩種方式顯現:
[相]-->[一]或[多]

(待續)

圖:西方大哲學家-柏拉圖(Plato)